Types Of Auto Insurance

The main function of insurance is to provide protection to insured things against uncertainties. Insurance cover can be thought of as a guaranteed and known small loss to prevent a large, possibly devastating loss. Insurance comes under risk management, to foresee the future and the risk involved and take steps to prevent mass damage. Any property or precious holding can be insured.

One such is Auto Insurance also known as vehicle insurance, car insurance, or motor insurance, in which you can insure your vehicle against any losses incurred as a result of traffic accidents and against liability that could be incurred in an accident. It is a contract between you and the insurance company. You agree to pay the premium and the insurance company agrees to pay your losses as defined in your policy.

In many jurisdictions it is compulsory to have vehicle insurance before using or keeping a motor vehicle on public roads. Most jurisdictions relate insurance to both the car and the driver, however the degree of each varies greatly.

An auto insurance policy comprises six kinds of coverage. Most countries require you to buy some, but not all, of these coverages. If you're financing a car, your lender may also have requirements. Most auto policies are for six months to a year.

Six kinds of coverages that falls under an auto insurance policy are:

1) Bodily Injury Liability ---> Covers other people's bodily injuries or death for which you are responsible. It also provides for a legal defense if another party in the accident files a lawsuit against you.

2) Personal Injury Protection (PIP) --> If the passengers and driver of the policy holder's car happen to be injured, this policy covers the cost of treatment and may also cover lost wages, cost of replacing services and funeral costs.

3) Liability for Property Damage --> If you or someone driving your car with your permission damages another person's property, this policy provides coverage. It also covers damage to lamp posts, telephone poles or any other structure hit by your car.



4) Collision coverage --> This policy provides coverage for damage to your (policy holder) car as a result of collision with another automobile or any other object. There is generally a deductible. Even if you are at fault in an accident, this policy will cover the repairing cost of your car minus the deductible. If you are not at fault, then your insurance provider will try to recover the cost from the faulty driver's insurance company. To keep your premiums low, select as large a deductible as you feel comfortable paying out of pocket. For older cars, consider dropping this coverage, since coverage is normally limited to the cash value of your car.

5) Comprehensive Coverage --> Covers your vehicle, and other vehicles (in limited scenarios) you may be driving for losses resulting from incidents other than collision. For example, comprehensive insurance covers damage to your car if it is stolen; or damaged by flood, fire, or animals. It pays to fix your vehicle less the deductible you choose. To keep your premiums low, select as high a deductible as you feel comfortable paying out of pocket. This policy is also available with a certain amount of deductible.

6) Uninsured/Under-insured Motorist Coverage --> If an uninsured or under insured or a hit-and-run driver hits you or your family member, this policy will reimburse the cost of damage. This usually happens when people go for cheap motor insurance. You will also be protected if you are hit as a pedestrian.

You may think that since you don't own a car you do not need insurance. In many cases this may be true. If you rent a car and it meets with an accident, who will provide coverage? This is when you need non-owners car insurance. This insurance is ideal for those who drive occasionally and don't own a car.

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Adjustable Rate Mortgage

Adjustable Rate Mortgage or ARM is also known as adjustable rate loan, variable rate loan, variable rate mortgage and floating rate mortgage. Adjustable Rate Mortgages became more popular in 2004, when the Federal Reserve began raising the Fed Funds rate. This made adjustable-rate mortgages more profitable compared to fixed rate mortgages, whose rates are tied to the 10-year Treasury Bond.

I simple language ARM, is a kind of mortgage whose interest rate changes or varies as per specific criteria. The initial interest rate is normally fixed for a period of time, after which it is changed periodically, often every month. ARM is associated with figures such as 1/10, 1/7, 2/28/, 3/27, etc.



The first figure in each set refers to the initial period of the loan, during which your interest rate will stay the same as it was on the day you signed your loan papers.
The second number is the adjustment period, showing how often adjustments can be made to the rate after the initial period has ended. The interest rate paid by the borrower will be based on a benchmark plus an additional spread, called an ARM margin.
Like in 2/28 mortgage's initial interest rate is fixed for 2 years and then changes to a floating rate for the remaining 28 years of the mortgage. Whereas, in 3/27 mortgage, the interest rate is fixed for 3 years and then floats for the remaining 27 years of the mortgage.

Examples:

1. The initial interest rate is 4.5%, the index is 7%, and the margin is 3%,
then the new interest rate = 7% + 3% = 10%.
If the lifetime cap is 5% then
the actual new interest rate will be 4.5% + 5% = 9.5%.

2. The initial interest rate is 6%, the index is 5%, and the margin is 3%,
then the new interest rate = 5% + 3% = 8%.
If the periodic cap is 1% then
the actual new interest rate will be 6% + 1% = 7%.


Types of ARMs

1 Year ARM with 2/6 Caps

The annual percentage rate for this loan is fixed for the initial term of 1 year. After that time, the annual percentage rate may change once a year. The annual percentage rate adjustment cap is plus or minus 2%. The lifetime annual percentage rate cap cannot go up or down more than 6% from the original rate.

3 to 1 ARM

This loan has a fixed rate for the initial term of 3 years. Followed by, the annual percentage rate change of only once a year. The annual percentage rate adjustment cap is plus or minus 2%. The lifetime annual percentage rate cap cannot go up or down more than 6% from the original rate.

5 to 1 ARM

The annual percentage rate for this loan is fixed for a period of five years. After this time, the annual percentage rate may change each year, but is limited to a 2% increase or decrease. The cap for the life of the loan is limited to 5%, plus or minus, of the original rate.



7 to 1 ARM

With a fixed rate for the first seven years, this loan's annual percentage rate may change once a year. The annual percentage rate may adjust no more than 5% at the end of the first adjustment period of seven years. Thereafter, the annual percentage rate adjustment cap is plus or minus 2%. The lifetime annual percentage rate cap cannot adjust up or down more than 5% from the original rate.

10 to 1 ARM

The annual percentage rate of this loan is fixed for a period of ten years. After this time, the annual percentage rate may change each year. The first rate adjustment is limited to 5% of the original interest rate with subsequent rate adjustments limited to 2%, plus or minus. The lifetime cap of the loan is 5% of the original interest rate.

With most ARMs, the interest rate can adjust every month, every three or six months, once a year, every three years, or every five years. The interest rate on negatively amortized loans can adjust monthly. A loan with an adjustment period of 6 months is called a 6-month ARM, with an adjustment period of 1 year is called a 1-year ARM, and so on.

ARMs offer an initial lower interest rate than the fully indexed rate (index plus margin) during the initial period of the loan, which could be one month or a year or more. It is also known as teaser rate.

Advantages of ARM Loan:

1) The biggest advantages that the ARM loan offers are the lower initial interest rate. This lower interest rate will also give you a much lower monthly payment that can either save you money or allow you to buy a bigger house then you could with a fixed rate mortgage.

2) It provides a stability in the sense that you always know what your payment will be.

3) You can choose from 15-year mortgages, and then at various intervals, all the way now up to 50 year mortgages.

4) The fixed rate portion of the loan allows you to enjoy a fixed rate for that period of time that you choose. This can be really good if the economy is doing well and the rates are low.

5) Depending on your contract, your adjustments are made on either a monthly or yearly basis, giving you maximum flexibility.

Disadvantages Of ARM Loan:

1) That dark side is in the form of an interest rate that can sky rocket quickly leaving you with a mortgage payment that can be hard to pay every month.

2) Due to high interest rate your credit score or property values may decrease and you may stuck in a mortgage that’s hard to pay and impossible to refinance out of.


In either case, there are pros and cons - all depending on the economy. The good thing is that there is always the possibility of refinancing - if need be. Be sure to compare any offers you receive in order to determine the best buy for your situation. Get several offers from different companies in order to see the possibilities, and you may want to get some advice from outside sources as to whether a fixed rate or adjustable rate is the best for you.

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How Non Profit Organizations Can Help You To Consolidate Your Debt?

Hey have you ever seen those ads for Non-Profit Organizations?

Who all are offering to assist you to get out of the vicious circle of Debt?

And you feel like trusting them don’t you?



After all, everybody in the ad and on their website looks so pleased and happy with their reliable services, and to be very honest they are, after all a non profit organization – so normally they should or must be completely altruistic and selfless, right? Well, some are, but don't just assume that this is the case everywhere, by default.

Firstly, how does this term or concept of Debt Consolidation work? Actually, when you have multiple huge debts - such as your student loans, your medical bills, and continuous revolving lines of credit or credit cards - it can be really nice and useful to strategically combine or financially unite all of those into one payment scheme. This is what we called Debt Consolidation.

You as the debtor need to take out a new loan at a much lower interest rate to repay that huge payment. Services that are provided by the Debt Consolidation agencies or organization often incorporate brokering negotiations with credit card companies to achieve lower rates and a cut down in the net amount owed, or expert credit counseling. Because they say non profit Debt Consolidation organizations and firms get most of their operating capital through generous grants and donations, they can offer these holy services at little to no charges. Isn’t that a holy service?
Sounds magically wonderful, doesn't it? .But there’s no fast cure for annihilating your huge debt immediately and painlessly. Even Debt Consolidation has its drawbacks. For example, even at lower interest rates and lower payments, it may still take years before the debt is entirely and successfully paid off.



Secondly, the excessive use of a Debt Consolidation service can sometimes have a bad impact on you credit ratings, also known as FICO score. So before you take any steps you need to weigh the pros and cons.

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Annual Percentage Rate

APR or Annual Percentage Rate should be known to everyone, at least by those who are having loan, mortgage, credit card etc., which deals with interest rate. In order to avoid bugger lenders or different credit card companies and compare the percentage rates on different loans or credit cards.

What is APR?

APR is the Annual Percentage Rate is the interest rate calculated for a whole year, rather than just a monthly fee/rate, as applied on a loan, mortgage, credit card, etc. APR tells you how much you are going to pay annually for the amount borrowed, so it is the cost of loan in terms of percentage. If your loan has a 10% rate, you’ll pay $10 per $100 you borrow annually. All other things being equal, you simply want the loan with the lowest APR.

Why it is necessary to know APR?

The fees included within the APR vary from one lender to another. The fees included within the APR involve charges related to the making of the loan and other fees such as title fee, escrow fee, attorney fee, tax service fee, home inspection fee, recording fee and credit report fee. The fees for the preparation of loans include loan processing fee, underwriting fee, document preparation fee, private mortgage insurance, loan application fee, credit life insurance and appraisal fee. Lenders often mislead borrowers by charging hidden fees. In order to reduce the confusion, US Government made the provision that the lenders have to quote APR to potential borrower, as per the Truth in Lending Act.

For example if the APR is 36%, the percentage is 3% per month, but the interest rate or cost of funds for the entire year may be greater than 36% due to the effects of compounding. By law, a credit card company or other lender must inform the customer of the APR before any agreement is signed. The APR provides the customer with a convenient number against which to compare the cost of funds for other loans or investments.

So you have to do some research work before applying for any loan, mortgage or credit card and find out which is having lowest APR.

How is APR Calculated?

APR is the equivalent interest rate considering all the added costs to a given loan. Naturally, it is a function of the loan amount, the interest rate, the total added cost, and the terms. The APR would equal the interest rate if there is no additional costs to a given loan.



1) For example, consider a $100 loan which must be repaid after one month, at 5% interest, plus a $10 fee. If the fee is neglected, this loan has a (year-long) effective APR of approximately 79% (1.05^12 =~1.7958). If the $10 fee were considered, the interest increases by 10% ($10/$100) for the month, with the effective APR being approximately 435% (1.15^12 =~5.3502, as 535%-100%=435%). Hence there are at least two possible "effective APRs": 79% and 435%.

2) For example, a credit card company might charge 1% a month, but the APR is 1% x 12 months = 12%. This differs from annual percentage yield, which also takes compound interest into account.


What are APR Limitations?

Unfortunately, all other things are not equal. APR can include more than just the interest cost of a loan. On a mortgage, APR might include Private Mortgage Insurance, processing fees, and discount points. There are other fees and charges that may or may not be included in a given APR quote. Therefore, you need to look closely at each and every APR.

You can’t simply rely on an APR quote to evaluate a loan. You need to look at each and every charge and expense related to your prospective loan in order to judge whether or not you’re getting a good deal. In addition, look at the bigger picture – you need to know how long you’ll be using a loan to make the best decision. For example, one-time charges up front may drive up your actual cost on a loan – even though an APR calculation might assume those charges are spread out over a longer lifetime (and therefore the APR would look lower).

APR Calculator:

1) Loan Amount (C):----------- 2) Extra Cost (E):---------- (The Extra Cost (E) is the lump sum of all extra costs involved in the loan, which include points, application fee, closing cost, processing fee, title fee, and so on. In short, it's the money you borrowed that you never saw.)
3) Interest Rate % (R):------- 3) No. of Months (N):-------
4) APR (A):------------------- 6) APR (A):----------------- Calculator

The calculator first calculates the monthly payment using C+E and the original interest rate r = R/1200:

P = (C+E)r(1+r)N/(1+r)N-1

The APR (a = A/1200) is then calculated iteratively by solving the following equation using the Newton-Raphson method:

{a(1+a)N)/(1+a)N-1) – P/C = 0

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Good Debt!

Can a DEBT be GOOD? Yes it is!

For Creditors all secured debts are Good Debts and for Debtors Good Debts are those which builds wealth over the long run.

Question: Can Debts build wealth?

Not all debts are bad. If used precisely Debts can be huge source in wealth building. Good Debts can be considered as a sort of investment, which generates
income at a later stage.

Good Debts is secured with a valuable asset, like a home mortgage or, perhaps, a car loan, and so considered an investment.
Home loans are good because over time a home’s value increases. Student loans are also considered Good Debt because they are also like an investment. Students who graduate with a college degree earn, on average, higher incomes than those that don’t.
Home loans and college loans are good for another reason: they usually have very agreeable terms. Both types of loans come with very low interest rates, and borrowers repay the debt over a long period. The typical home loan, for instance, carries a 30-year term. The interest on college loans is so affordable that the graduate can repay their loans slowly over a long period as they gradually earn more money and build their personal wealth.

"Mortgage debt is Good Debt. You're borrowing money, but you're getting a tax advantage and can write off interest on an asset that's appreciating over time. Plus, you get to live there."

One of the secrets, therefore, to being smart with your money is to differentiate between Good Debt and Bad Debt.

1) Good Debt: Having a mortgage, getting a home equity loan or line of credit to fund a home renovation or remodeling job.
Bad Debt: Borrowing money to trick out your car to impress your friends, or just yourself.

2) Good Debt: Getting student loans to attend college.
Bad Debt: Using your credit cards while at school to buy groceries, throw parties or accumulate stuff. Many students are saddled with insane amounts of debt after they graduate. Average credit card debt after graduating from college: $3,000.


3) Good Debt: Leverage in real estate or using the bank’s money to invest in real estate. You can use leverage by borrowing funds to get into real estate investing with the expectation of turning in a profit.
Bad Debt: Leverage in Wall Street or borrowing money to buy stocks. In my opinion, buying stocks on margin is a bad idea. This is a subjective opinion because I’m sure there are a lot of successful margin players out there. As an average investor, I’d avoid trading on margin like the plague. There’s a difference between using a loan to invest in real estate versus investing in the stock market: if the real estate market drops, you are not forced to pay off a mortgage in short notice. With a drop in stock prices, you’ll be subject to margin calls that will force you to raise more money to hold on to your position or else force you to redeem at poor market prices. Using leverage takes a good amount of risk, the question here is if the risk is reasonable and if you’re fairly comfortable taking it.


4) Good Debt: Applying for a business loan and borrowing for business. Many ventures need cash flow that they don’t have at the moment to run their operations or expand their facilities. Using loans to grow a business is a sensible approach to take.
Bad Debt: Using your credit card to go on vacation, travel or to just have a good time; borrowing for pleasure. Once the vacation is over, you’re left with fun memories and a financial obligation to pay up.

While the differences often seem logical, it is a logic that is apparently missed by many people.

Therefore, Good Debt helps borrowers by increasing their wealth and by building a healthy credit history. Borrowers who repay their debt diligently earn a good credit score and become eligible to borrow more good debt in the future. Good Debt is investment debt that creates value.

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